Aerodynamically enhanced bearing housing pocket geometry

ABSTRACT

A turbocharger unit having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket, comprising a turbine having a turbine housing and a turbine wheel connected to a shaft along with a compressor having a compressor housing and a compressor wheel mounted on the same shaft. There is an intermediate housing disposed between the turbine housing and the compressor housing, circumscribing the shaft, and having a compressor wheel pocket. There is a series of bearings located in the intermediate housing for supporting the shaft. There is also a series of fluid passages located in the intermediate housing which provide fluid to lubricate the bearings. A seal is used for the prevention of oil from entering the compressor wheel pocket. The compressor wheel pocket has an aerodynamically enhanced pocket for the improvement of pressure balance behind the compressor wheel, preventing the oil in the intermediate housing from entering the compressor housing.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to turbochargers and the prevention of oil leakage due to insufficient pressure balance across the compressor oil seal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Turbochargers are a commonly used apparatus for increasing power density in engines. Turbochargers are comprised of a turbine and a compressor. The turbine has a housing and a turbine wheel; the compressor has a compressor housing and a compressor wheel. The compressor wheel and turbine wheel are both mounted on a common shaft. Located between the turbine housing and the compressor housing is an intermediate housing, which both the turbine housing and the compressor housing are connected to. The intermediate housing has a compressor wheel pocket; the compressor wheel resides partially in the compressor wheel pocket, and partially in the compressor housing.

The turbine wheel rotates from the flow of exhaust gas from the engine through the exhaust manifold and into the turbine housing. As the turbine wheel spins, the compressor wheel spins as well. As the compressor wheel spins, fresh air is compressed and forced into the engine's intake manifold. As air flows through the compressor housing, under certain operating conditions, the compressor wheel is spinning at a high rotational speed, but the boost pressure is low. This can occur when the vehicle engine is running at high idle speed and can cause a pressure imbalance to occur on the side of the compressor wheel where the intermediate housing is located. This pressure imbalance occurs in the area between the compressor wheel and the intermediate housing.

The pressure imbalance is a lack of pressure against the labyrinth seal and the oil it retains, which can to leak into the compressor wheel pocket and into the compressor housing. Oil leaking onto the compressor wheel and compressor housing can cause fouling and problems with the air intake components leading to the engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to the prevention of a pressure imbalance between the compressor wheel and the intermediate housing. The present invention is a turbocharger unit having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket, comprising a turbine having a turbine housing and a turbine wheel connected to a shaft along with a compressor having a compressor housing and a compressor wheel mounted on the same shaft. There is an intermediate housing disposed between the turbine housing and the compressor housing, circumscribing the shaft, and having a compressor wheel pocket. There is a series of bearings located in the intermediate housing for supporting the shaft. There is also a series of fluid passages located in the intermediate housing which provide fluid to lubricate the bearings. A seal is used for the prevention of oil from entering the compressor wheel pocket. The compressor wheel pocket has an aerodynamically enhanced pocket for the improvement of pressure balance behind the compressor wheel, preventing the oil in the intermediate housing from entering the compressor housing.

In a first embodiment, the aerodynamically enhanced pocket is a spoon edge comprised of a rounded indentation under a sharp edge at the end of said compressor wheel pocket.

In a second embodiment, the aerodynamically enhanced pocket is a knife edge comprised of an acute angle at the edge of said compressor wheel pocket.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a conventional turbocharger unit;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional side view of an intermediate housing used in a conventional turbocharger unit;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional side view of an intermediate housing, partially broken away, having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged sectional side view of an intermediate housing having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional side view of an intermediate housing, partially broken away, having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a turbocharger unit is generally shown at 10. The turbocharger unit 10 is comprised of a compressor 12 and a turbine 14. The compressor 12 is comprised of a compressor housing 16, and a compressor wheel 18 held onto a shaft 20 by a retaining nut 22. Turbine 14 is comprised of a turbine housing 24 and a turbine wheel 26 welded onto shaft 22. In between and connected to the turbine housing 24 and the compressor housing 16 is intermediate housing 28. Located inside the intermediate housing is a set of bearings 30 and a thrust bearing 32. The bearings 30 and thrust bearing 32 receive oil from an oil feed passage 34. The oil feed passage 34 feeds oil into a main oil passageway 36; the main oil passageway 36 delivers oil directly to the thrust bearing 32, and to a first angled passageway 38 as well as a second angled passageway 40. The first angled passageway 38 and the second angled passageway 40 deliver oil to bearings 30. Oil is prevented from coming in contact with the compressor wheel 18 through the use of labyrinth seal 42.

The various embodiments of the present invention will now be described. During normal operation, the exhaust gas from the vehicle engine flows through the turbine 14, and spins the turbine wheel 26 at a high rotational speed. Spinning the turbine wheel 26 at high rotational speed causes the shaft 20 and the compressor wheel 18 to spin at the same speed as the turbine wheel 26. The compressor wheel 18 compresses air in the compressor housing 16, and forces the compressed air into the intake manifold of the engine (not shown). The bearings 30 are lubricated through oil flowing through the first angled passageway 38 and the second angled passageway 40. In FIG. 2, the standard recess 46 is shown formed as part of the intermediate housing 28. The standard recess 46 defines a sharp edge of the intermediate housing 28, which then recesses straight into the intermediate housing 28. The shape of the standard recess 46 allows the compressor wheel 18 to extend partially into the intermediate housing 28. During conditions of low boost and high air flow through the compressor housing 16 (such as high idle speed, no load), the shape of the recess 46 creates an adverse air pressure balance, which in turn creates a lack of pressure against the labyrinth oil seal 42 which can cause oil to leak into the compressor housing 16.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a first embodiment of the present invention is shown as a spoon-shaped recess 48. The spoon-shaped recess 48 defines the same sharp edge in the intermediate housing 28 as the standard recess 46, but recesses in a round, spoon-shaped manner. The spoon-shaped recess 48 reduces the pressure imbalance caused by the compressor wheel 18 when the turbocharger 10 is running at high oil flow conditions, for example, high engine speed, low engine load operating conditions. The spoon-shaped recess 48 may be comprised of various radii to compensate for various ranges of pressure imbalance due the size of the intermediate housing 28, the size of the compressor wheel 18, and the volume of air flow through the compressor 12.

A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5. The intermediate housing 28 has a knife-shaped recess 50 defined by the same sharp edge as the standard recess 46 of the intermediate housing 28, but then recesses into the housing to form an angle. The knife-shaped recess 50 shown in FIG. 5 reduces the pressure imbalance caused by the compressor wheel 18 when the turbocharger 10 is running at high oil flow conditions, for example, high engine speed, low engine load operating conditions. The knife-shaped recess 50 may be comprised of various angles to compensate for various ranges of pressure imbalance due the size of the intermediate housing 28, the size of the compressor wheel 18, and the volume of air flow through the compressor 12.

It should be noted that both the spoon-shaped recess 48 and knife-shaped recess 50 define a sharp edge in the intermediate housing 28 which is the same diameter as the sharp edge defined by the standard recess 46.

Reducing the adverse pressure balance between the intermediate housing 28 and the compressor wheel 18 increases the capability of the labyrinth seal 42 to retain oil within the intermediate housing 28 by eliminating any suction force created by compressor wheel 18 spinning at a high rotational speed, while the turbocharger 10 is not under load.

The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A turbocharger unit having an aerodynamically enhanced pocket, comprising: a turbine having a turbine housing and a turbine wheel connected to a shaft; a compressor having a compressor housing and a compressor wheel mounted on said shaft; an intermediate housing disposed between said turbine housing and said compressor housing, circumscribing said shaft, having a compressor wheel pocket, said compressor wheel extending at least partially into said compressor wheel pocket; one or more bearings located in said intermediate housing, for supporting said shaft; a series of fluid passages located in said intermediate housing for allowing oil to lubricate said bearings; a seal for the prevention of said oil from entering said compressor housing; and wherein said compressor wheel pocket has an aerodynamically enhanced pocket for the prevention of air pressure imbalance around said compressor wheel, and preventing said oil from entering said compressor housing.
 2. The turbocharger unit of claim 1, wherein said aerodynamically enhanced pocket is a spoon-shaped recess.
 3. The turbocharger unit of claim 2, wherein said spoon-shaped recess is comprised of a sharp edge and a rounded recess at the end of said compressor wheel pocket.
 4. The turbocharger unit of claim 1, wherein said aerodynamically enhanced pocket is a knife-shaped recess.
 5. The turbocharger unit of claim 4, wherein said knife-shaped recess is comprised of a sharp edge having an angled recess at the edge of said compressor wheel pocket. 